Malcolm Fraser was a member of Australian Parliament from December 1955 to March 1983; minister for the army from January 1966 to February 1968; minister for education and science from February 1968 to November 1969 and August 1971 to December 1972; minister for defense from November 1969 to March 1971; leader of the Liberal Party from March 1975 to March 1983; and prime minister of Australia from November 1975 to March 1983.